Vanguard regularly surveys its employees about their outlook, and CIO Heller looks to two key questions: Would I recommend my area to a co-worker, and would I recommend my boss to a co-worker? Heller thinks it's a good measure of how engaged people are in their work. This metric is more useful since it's not a rhetorical question at Vanguard, where it's common for people to switch jobs across business areas often--like Heller, who moved to CIO from a business unit this summer.